Comparison of head and shoulder posture in blind, deaf and ordinary pupils

Proprioceptive, vestibular and visual senses control human movements. This study was carried out to compare the posture of head and shoulder in blind, deaf and ordinary pupils. This descriptive and analytic study was done on 16 blind, 30 deaf and 60 ordinary pupils in Ardabil city, Noth-west of Iran. Sagital and frontal planes Photos for each child was used for determination of head and shoulder deviation. Forward head in blind group significantly was lower than deaf and ordinary pupils [P<0.05]. Rounded shoulder in blind and deaf pupils significantly was lower than ordinary pupils [P<0.05]. Uneven shoulders in deaf pupils significantly was lower than ordinary and blind children [P<0.05]. Lateral flexion of the head in blind and deaf pupiles significantly was higher than ordinary children [P<0.05]. There is a relationship between sensory impairment and postural problems paticularly in blindness Pupils

Investigating the altitude effect on the quantity and quality of the essential oil in Tanacetum polycephalum Sch.-Bip. polycephalum in the Baladeh region of Nour, Iran / 中国天然药物

Medicinal plant are grown and produced in different ecosystems and sites under the influence of different potential factors, including the altitude as one of the vital determinants in the quantity and quality of the plants. One of the species that grows in the highlands is Tanacetum polycephalum, an aromatic perennial of the Asteraceae. This species is characterized to be antiseptic, analgesic, anesthetic, disinfective, expectorant, anti-cancer, anti-allergic, and conducive to low blood pressure. The purpose of this study is to investigate the essential compositions in the aerial parts of T. polycephalum at the time of flowering, and in three different altitudes of the Baladeh region of Nour. Thus, the essential oil was extracted from the aerial parts in the flowering stage of the plant at three altitudes of 1 600, 2 400 and 3 200 m using a water distillation method, and the essential oil compositions were identified using GC and GC/MS instruments. One-way ANOVA method was conducted to analyze the obtained data using SPSS, and a Duncan test was administered to compare the means. The results indicated that the essential output obtained from the altitudes of 1 600, 2 400 and 3 200 m was (0.74 ± 0.01)%, (1.09 ± 0.02)%, and (1.32 ± 1.2)%, respectively, so that the altitude of 3 200 m revealed the greatest quantity, and the altitude of 1 600 m represented the smallest quantity. Moreover, the essential oil compositions showed the highest percentage in the altitude of 3 200 m and the lowest percentage at the altitude of 1 600 m. The results showed that as the altitude increases, the essential oil compositions revealed the greater quantity and percentage in the aerial parts of T. polycephalum.

Chemical rumenitis and septicemic colibacillosis causes death in a shoka deer calf [capreolus capreolus capreolus]

In May 2007, a suborder Shoka deer calf about one month of age was found in a preserved area of Arasbaran in the East Azerbaijan province. From an ecological view point, the Arasbaran area is uniquely labelled as a reserve biosphere. He calf had diarrhea that recovered after treatment. During rearing, The calf received pasteurized- homogenized milk from market as well as milk of a goat. After 3 weeks, the animal suddenly showed acute depression, anorexia and hypothermia. Antimicrobial and supportive therapy was ineffective and the calf died 12 hours after showing clinical signs. At necropsy, chemical rumenitis and hemorrhagic enteritis was observed. Pure Escherichia coli was isolated from liver, lungs, rumen and small intestine contents. Histopathologic examination revealed severe chemical rumenitis and necrohemorrhagic enteritis. Absence of mother, intake of milk from other species and stress of capture were predisposing factors. Entry and fermentation of milk in rumen provoked chemical rumenitis and stasis of digestive system could be responsible for septicemic Colibacillosis [colisepticemia] and death in this Shoka calf

[Detection of aflatoxin M1 in spray dried and lyophilize bovine colostrum products]

Aflatoxin M[1] [AFM[1]] is an important mycotoxin frequently found in milk and dairy products. Dairy products and colostrums may be contaminated by aflatoxin M[1] when dairy cattle have fed with aflatoxin B[1]-contaminated feeds. This study was undertaken in a dairy farm around Tehran province to determine the presence and level of aflatoxin M[1] [AFM[1]] in spray dried and lyophilized colostrums samples. In this study, 25 spray dried and lyophilized colostrums samples were analyzed using competitive ELISA for determining the presence and levels of AFM[1]. AFM[1] was found in 76% of the colostrums samples. The range of contamination level was 16 ng/l to 1176 ng/l, [mean values was 213.37 ng/l]. Ninety two percent of the contaminated samples exceeded the maximum acceptable levels [50 ng/l, EU standard] and 8% exceeded 500 ng/l. Due to human health hazard and high occurrence of AFM[1] in colostrums samples, monitoring programs should be more extensive and frequent in Iran

Evaluation of antibodies levels against Escherichia coli, rotavirus and coronavirus in the colostrum of non-vaccinated cows in southern Tehran, Iran

A competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA] kit was used for the evaluation of antibodies against Escherichia coliK99, rotavirus and coronavirus in colostrum samples of 240 non-immunized Holstein dairy cows in southern Tehran, Iran. Antibody levels against E. coli K99, coronavirus and rotavirus were higher than a 20% inhibition threshold in 76%, 99% and 100% of samples, respectively. From a total of 240 samples 14 cases [5.83%], 222 cases [92.5%] and 240 cases [100%] showed the strongest positive results [4[+]] for antibodies against E. coli, coronavirus and rotavirus, respectively. These colostrum samples were considered as high titre colostrum. The results showed that only a small number [5.83%] of colostrum samples had enough antibodies to protect the calves against diarrhea due to E. coli K99 after passive transfer. In the cases of rotavirus and coronavirus it was concluded that the colostrum samples obtained from non-immunized, naturally infected cows contained enough antibodies to develop passive immunity against rotavirus and coronavirus in suckling calves

[Endotoxemia and death caused by klebsiella pneumoniae [k1] and enteropathogenic escherichia coli in a red deer calf [cervus elaphus maral]]

A three month-old-male red deer calf [Cervus elaphus maral] was examined post mortem for the cause of death in Arasbaran preserved area in East Azerbaijan in September 2006. The main history of the case was the lack of colostrum intake after birth. The necropsy 6 hours after death, revealed severe general congestion especially in lungs and visceral organs [liver and jejunum]. The cut surface of lungs was moist and bronchial lumina contained a large amount of frothy pinkish edema fluid. Diffuse congestion of lung and porteinous exudates was prominent in examination. Histopathological examination revealed shock lung and hepatocytes dissociation with single cell necrosis in liver. Microscopic examination was in line with shock lung and alveolar edema. No parasites were observed within red blood cells. Bacteriological cultures gave rise to gram negative cocoobacilli and further biochemical tests performed on isolated colonies revealed the presence of pure Escherichia coli in liver and Klebsiella pnemoniae in lung. Using serological tests, E. coli serotypes O20 and O114 and Klebsiella pnemoniae serotype K1 were identified in purified bacterial cultures. This report presents endotoxemia and death in a red deer calf with lack of colostrum intake and transportation stress history

Detection of anti-E coli, rota virus and corona virus antibodies in sera samples of diarrheic and normal calves under 1 month of age

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the presence anti- E. coli, -rotavirus and -corona virus, in calves' sera. A total of 184 calves under 1 month of age [84 diarrheic and 100 normal] was studied. Serological tests including: direct ELISA for detection of anti-K99 E. coli, - rotavirus and - corona virus and tube agglutination test for detection anti-O157 E. coli, antibodies were used. Data were analyzed by chi-square, fisher test and t-student tests. Anit-K99 E. coli antibodies were detected in 56% and 66% of diarrheic and normal calves, respectively. Tube agglutination test showed the presence of anti- O157-E. coli antibodies in 82% and 69% of diarrheic and normal calves respectively. Anti-rotavirus antibodies were detected in 100% and 99% of diarrheic and normal calves, respectively. Anti- corona virus antibodies were detected in 82% and 72% of diarrheic and normal calves respectively. Conclusion: The results of the present study may indicate the high exposure of the examined dairy cattle population to E. coli, rotavirus and corona virus and also the absence of correlation between such serological responses with the prevention of calves' diarrhea

[ first report of Klebsiella as a pathogen in neonatal diarrhea of calves in Iran]

Clinical evaluation of klebsiella induced diarrhea and frequency of this agent in calve's diarrhea in Iran. Cross sectional Study. Out of 295 calves [less than one month age] 209 calves showed diarrhea and 86 calves were as control group. To collect stool sample from rectum of the all calves [affected and apparently healthy] and using bacteriological standard methods for detection of this bacterium. Descriptive study using SPSS package. Thirty one samples out of all examined stool samples were infected with klebsiella. In this regard, 18 samples [8.6%] were from diarrheic calves and 13 samples [15.3%] from the control group. Mean of age in diarrheic calve was 12.00 +/- 3.08 days. In diarrheic group 6 calves [33.3%] showed severe lienteric diarrhea. All diarrheic calves [100%] showed thin and vivacity in general condition. Nine diarrheic calves [50%] had yellow feces, 17 of diarrheic calves [94.4%] had poor feeding behavior and all diarrheic calves [100%] showed second dehydration degree. Klebsiella can be one of causative agents in the calves diarrhea syndrome in the less than one month age

[Clinical, biochemical and microbiological findings of calves diarrhea in a diary herd in Suburbs of Tehran]

Objective: Study of the clinical, biochemical and microbiological factors that cause Neonatal calves diarrhea

Animals: A total of 140 diarrheic neonatal calves [under one month and 35 apparently normal calves]

Procedure: Taking stool sample from rectum of the diarrheic calves, and Blood from jugular vein, using standard methods for detection of bacteria and cryptosporidium measurement and the blood biochemical factors

Statistical analysis: Results were repoted by descriptive scales and software SPSS[version 12] and Chi-Square and t-student

Result: Clinical evaluation revealed that 36/4% of diarrheic samples were sever fluid. 42/9% of diarrheic Samples were yellow in color. 87/9% of calves were thin and vivacious. 65.7% diarrheic calves had poor feeding behaviour and 72.8% of diarrheic calves had second degree dehydration. We separated just E.coli from 28/6% and both E.coli and cryptosporidium from 35% of diarrheic fecal samples. k99 Ecoli Consisted 2/1% of separated E.coli bacteria. Biochemical factors such as Ca,Mg, CI, k and Na also measured by routine methods and compared with control group [35 case] .There wasn't any significant difference in Ca, Mg, Cl, K and Na values between the control group and the group that E.coli was isolated from .But these values differed between the control group and the group which E.coli and cryptospordium were isolated from.Comparison between Ecoli and Ecoli and cryptosporidm groups revealed that there is not any difference between Na and k measures .but Ca, Mg and Cl values were different between these two groups

Clinical implications: The diferences between treatment and control groups could be due to severe diarrhea in which E.coli and cryptosporidium have been isolated